In this paper, a five-layer model is proposed to analyze the anisotropic constraint effects on interactive damage progression. Incorporating this model with the general theory of overall moduli of a cracked body, the effective damage factors proposed by Fan and Zhang in 1993 have been extended as quantitative measures for characterizing the anisotropic constraint effects on damage-induced stiffness reduction of general lay-up composites. By applying the first-order shear deformation plate theory to each sublayer these factors are determined and applied for investigating progressive matrix cracking-delamination interaction. Results show that by this rather unique approach, the intractable problem of anisotropic constraint effects of general lay-up composites on interactive damage progression can be handled in a systematic manner.

Issue Section:
Technical Papers
Topics:
Anisotropy, Composite materials, Damage, Delamination, Fracture (Process), Plate theory, Shear deformation, Stiffness
1.
Allen
D. H.
, and
Harris
C. E.
,
1987
, “
A Thermomechanical Constitutive Theory for Elastic Composites with Distributed Damage
,”
Int. J. Solids & Structures
, Vol.
23
, pp.
1301
–
1338
.
2.
Armanios, E. A., Sriram, P., and Badir, A. M., 1991, “Fracture Analysis of Transverse Crack-tip and Free-edge Delamination in Laminated Composites,” Comp. Mater.: Fatigue and Fracture, ASME STP 1110, pp. 269–286.
3.
Bailey
J. E.
,
Curtis
P. T.
, and
Parvizi
A.
,
1979
, “
On the Transverse Cracking and Longitudinal Splitting Behavior of Glass and Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Crossply Laminates and The Effect of Poisson and thermal Generated Strain
,”
Proc. R. Soc. Lond.
, Vol.
A366
, pp.
599
–
633
.
4.
Choi
H. Y.
,
Downs
R. J.
, and
Chang
F. K.
,
1991
a, “
A New Approach Toward Understanding Damage Mechanisms and Mechanics of Laminated Composites Due to Low-Velocity Impact. Part 1—Experiments
,”
J. Comp. Mater.
, Vol.
25
, pp.
992
–
1011
.
5.
Choi
H. Y.
,
Downs
R. J.
, and
Chang
F. K.
,
1991
b, “
A New Approach Toward Understanding Damage Mechanisms and Mechanics of Laminated Composites Due to Low-Velocity Impact. Part 2—Analysis
,”
J. Comp. Mater.
, Vol.
25
, pp.
1011
–
1038
.
6.
Crossman, F. W., and Wang, A. S. D., 1982, “The Dependence of Transverse Cracking and Delamination on Ply Thickness in Graphite/Epoxy Laminates,” Damage in Comp. Mater., ASTM STP 775, pp. 118–139.
7.
Dvorak
G. J.
,
Laws
N.
, and
Hejazi
M.
,
1985
, “
Analysis of progressive matrix cracking in composite laminates
,”
J. Comp. Mater.
, Vol.
19
, pp.
216
–
234
.
8.
Fan
J.
, and
Zhang
J.
,
1993
, “
In-site Damage Evolution and Micro/Macro Transition for Laminated Composites
,”
Comp. Sci. Tech.
, Vol.
47
, pp.
107
–
118
.
9.
Flaggs
D. L.
, and
Kural
M. H.
,
1982
, “
Experimental Determination of the In-situ Transverse Lamina Strength in Graphite/Epoxy Laminates
,”
J. Comp. Mater.
, Vol.
16
, pp.
103
–
116
.
10.
Flaggs
D. L.
,
1985
, “
Prediction of Tensile Matrix Failure in Composite Laminates
,”
J. Comp. Mater.
, Vol.
19
, pp.
29
–
50
.
11.
Fukunaga
H.
,
Chou
T.
,
Peters
P. W.
, and
Schulte
K.
,
1984
, “
Probabilistic Failure Strength Analyses of Graphite/Epoxy Cross-Ply Laminates
,”
J. Comp. Mater
, Vol.
18
, pp.
339
–
356
.
12.
Gudmundson
P.
, and
Zhang
W.
,
1993
, “
An Analytical Model for Thermoelastic Properties of Composite Laminates containing Transverse Matrix Cracks
,”
Int. J. Solids and Structures
, Vol.
30
, pp.
3211
–
3231
.
13.
Han
Y. M.
, and
Hahn
H. T.
,
1989
, “
Ply Cracking and Property Degradation of Symmetric Balanced Laminates Under General In-Plane Loading
,”
Comp. Sci. Tech
, Vol.
35
, pp.
377
–
397
.
14.
Hashin
Z.
,
1985
, “
Analysis of Cracked Laminates: A Variational Approach
,”
Mech. Mater
, Vol.
4
, pp.
121
–
136
.
15.
Highsmith, A. L., and Reifsnider, K. L., 1982, “Stiffness Reduction Mechanisms in Composite Laminates,” Damage in Comp. Mater., ASTM STP 775, pp. 103–117.
16.
Hill
R.
,
1963
, “
Elastic Properties of Reinforced Solids: Some Theoretical Principles
,”
J. Mech. Phys. Solids
, Vol.
11
, pp.
357
–
372
.
17.
Horii
H.
, and
Nemat-Nasser
S.
,
1980
, “
Overall Moduli of Solids with Micro-cracks: Load Induced Anisotropy
,”
J. Mech. Phys. Solids
, Vol.
31
, pp.
155
–
177
.
18.
Kachanov
M.
,
1992
, “
Effective elastic properties of cracked solids: critical review of some basic concepts
,”
ASME Appl. Mech. Rev.
Vol.
45
, pp.
304
–
335
.
19.
Laws
N.
, and
Dvorak
G. J.
,
1988
, “
Progressive Transverse cracking in Composite Laminates
,”
J. Comp. Mater.
, Vol.
22
, pp.
900
–
915
.
20.
Lee
J.-W.
, and
Allen
D. H.
,
1989
, “
Internal State Variable Approach for Predicting Stiffness Reductions in Fibrous Laminated Composites with Matrix Cracks
,”
J. Comp Mater
, Vol.
23
, pp.
1273
–
1291
.
21.
Lee
J.-W.
, and
Daniel
I. M.
,
1990
, “
Progressive transverse cracking of cross-ply composite laminates
,”
Composites Science and Technology
, Vol.
24
, pp.
1225
–
1243
.
22.
Nairn
J. A.
, and
Hu
S.
,
1992
, “
The Initiation and Growth of Delaminations Induced by Matrix Microcracks in Laminated Composites
,”
Int. J. Fracture
, Vol.
57
, pp.
1
–
24
.
23.
Nuismer
R. J.
, and
Tan
S. C.
,
1988
, “
A Theory for Progressive Matrix Cracking in Composite Laminates
,”
J. Camp. Mater
, Vol.
22
, pp.
307
–
321
.
24.
Parvizi
A.
,
Garrett
K. W.
, and
Bailey
J. E.
,
1978
, “
Constrained Cracking in Glass Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Glass-Ply Laminates
,”
J. Mater. Sci.
, Vol.
13
, pp.
195
–
201
.
25.
Talreja
R.
,
1985
, “
A Continuum Mechanics Characterization of Damage in Composite Materials
,”
Proc. R. Soc. Lond.
, Vol.
A399
, pp.
195
–
216
.
26.
Thomas, D. J., 1995, “Analysis of the Progressive Failure of Brittle Matrix Composites,” NASA Contract Report 195415.
27.
Timmer, J. L., and Hahn H. T., 1993, “The Effect of Preloading on Fatigue Damage in Composites,” Mech. Comp. Review, pp. 144–153.
28.
Tsai, C. L., and Daniel, I. M., 1990, “Progressive Transverse Cracking of Cross-ply Composite Laminates,” Microcracking induced Damage in Comp., AMD-Vol. 111, MD-Vol. 22, pp. 9–18.
29.
Wang
A. S. D.
,
Chou
P. C.
, and
Lei
S. C.
,
1984
, “
A Stochastic Model for the Growth of Matrix in Composite Laminates
,”
J. Comp. Mater.
, Vol.
18
, pp.
239
–
254
.
30.
Zhang
J.
,
Fan
J.
, and
Soutis
C.
,
1992
a, “
Progressive matrix cracking in composites loaded in tension
,”
Advanced Composites Letters
, Vol.
1
, pp.
12
–
15
.
31.
Zhang
J.
,
Fan
J.
, and
Soutis
C.
,
1992
b, “
Analysis of Multiple Matrix Cracking in [±θm/90n]s Composite Laminates, Part I: In-plane Stiffness Properties
,”
Composites
, Vol.
23
, pp.
291
–
298
.
32.
Zhang
J.
,
Fan
J.
, and
Soutis
C.
,
1992
c, “
Analysis of Multiple Matrix Cracking in [±θm/90n]s Composite Laminates, Part II: Development of Transverse Matrix Cracks
,”
Composites
, Vol.
23
, pp.
299
–
304
.
33.
Zhang
J.
,
Soutis
C.
, and
Fan
J.
,
1994
a, “
Effects of Matrix Cracking and Hygrothermal Stresses on the Strain Energy Release Rate for Edge Delamination Composite Laminates
,”
Composites
, Vol.
25
,
27
–
35
.
34.
Zhang
J.
,
Soutis
C.
, and
Fan
J.
,
1994
b, “
Strain energy release rate associated with local delamination in cracked composite laminates
,”
Composites
, Vol.
25
, pp.
851
–
862
.
35.
Zhang, J., Fan, J., and Herrmann, K. P., 1998 “Delaminations induced by constrained transverse cracking in symmetric composite laminates,” Int. J. Solids & Structures, submitted for publication.
This content is only available via PDF.
Copyright © 1998
 by The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
You do not currently have access to this content.