...Jill M. Middendorf; Victor H. Barocas Tears in the annulus fibrosus (AF) of the intervertebral disk (IVD) occur due to multiaxial loading on the spine. However, most existing AF failure studies measure uniaxial stress, not the multiaxial stress at failure. Delamination theory, which requires...

...Pengling Ren; Peng Chen; Russell A. Reeves; Nathan Buchweitz; Haijun Niu; He Gong; Jeremy Mercuri; Charles A. Reitman; Hai Yao; Yongren Wu The cartilage endplates (CEPs) on the superior and inferior surfaces of the intervertebral disk (IVD), are the primary nutrient transport pathways between...

... and qualitative point of view [ 19 ], thus giving a total of 58 articles for full assessment (Fig. 2 ). Fig. 2 Literature search process and results Literature search process and results Such tests usually involve one or more functional spinal units (FSUs) composed of an intervertebral disk...

...Bo Yang; Yintong Lu; Colin Um; Grace D. O'Connell Aging and degeneration of the intervertebral disk are noted by changes in tissue composition and geometry, including a decrease in nucleus pulposus (NP) area. The NP centroid is positioned slightly posterior of the disk's centroid, but the effect...

..., we suggest a Poisson's ratio of 0.125 to be used in biphasic models of the intervertebral disk. Poisson's ratio intervertebral disk nucleus pulposus poroelastic viscoelastic The nucleus pulposus is the hydrated central region of the intervertebral disk (IVD) and is composed...

...Diane E. Gregory; Jack P. Callaghan The annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disk experiences multidirectional tension in vivo, yet the majority of mechanical property testing has been uniaxial. Therefore, our understanding of how this complex multilayered tissue responds to loading may...

...Ugur M. Ayturk; Jose J. Garcia; Christian M. Puttlitz To date, studies that have investigated the kinematics of spinal motion segments have largely focused on the contributions that the spinal ligaments play in the resultant motion patterns. However, the specific roles played by intervertebral disk...

... on mechanical function of the bulk material with degeneration. 05 08 2008 19 02 2009 21 10 2009 biological tissues biomechanics molecular biophysics proteins tensile testing intervertebral disk degeneration tensile properties nonlinearity anisotropic hyperelastic model...

... of the nonconservative nature of the joint caused by energy loss in the poroviscoelastic disk and ligamentous support structure. As an application of the formulation, the stiffness matrix of a motion segment is experimentally determined for the case of an intact intervertebral disk and compared with the matrices...

...T.-Y. Yuan; A. R. Jackson; C.-Y. Huang; W. Y. Gu The intervertebral disk (IVD) is the largest avascular structure in the human body. Transport of small molecules in IVD is mainly through diffusion from the endplates and the peripheral blood vessels surrounding IVD. Studies have investigated...

...Abraham Tchako; Ali M. Sadegh Spine discectomy and fusion is a widely used surgical procedure to correct irreversible degenerative diseases and injuries to the intervertebral disk. The surgical procedure involves the removal of the damage disk material, the decortication of the fusion site...

...James C. Iatridis; Masaru Furukawa; Ian A. F. Stokes; Mack G. Gardner-Morse; Jeffrey P. Laible Intervertebral disk degeneration results in alterations in the mechanical, chemical, and electrical properties of the disk tissue. The purpose of this study is to record spatially resolved streaming...

...Kevin M. Groth; Kevin P. Granata, Ph.D. Due to the mathematical complexity of current musculoskeletal spine models, there is a need for computationally efficient models of the intervertebral disk (IVD). The aim of this study is to develop a mathematical model that will adequately describe...