... grids, supply chains, and disaster monitoring and tracking services. Their resilience (being able to withstand and recover from disruptions) is a critical attribute whose evaluation is nontrivial and requires detailed disruption models. Engineers rely on heuristics (such as redundancy and localized...

... to withstand and recover from disruptions (resilience) and affordability. In practice, more resilient SoS architectures are less affordable, and it is essential to balance the trade-offs between the two attributes. Ecological research analyzing long-surviving ecosystems (nature’s resilient SoS) using...