Reliable drop test simulations of electronic packages require reliable material characterization of solder joints. Mechanical properties of lead-free solder were here experimentally investigated for both monotonic and cyclic loading at different strain rates. With regards to the observed complex material behavior, the nonlinear mixed hardening Armstrong and Frederick model combined with the Perzyna viscoplastic law was chosen to fit the experimental data. This model was subsequently implemented into a commercial finite element code and used to simulate drop tests. Actual drop test experiments were conducted in parallel and experimental results were compared to simulations. Prediction discrepancies were analyzed and explanations suggested.
Issue Section:
Research Papers
References
1.
Wang
, G. Z.
, Cheng
, Z. N.
, Becker
, K.
, and Wilde
, J.
, 2001, “Applying Anand Model to Represent the Viscoplastic Deformation Behavior of Solder Alloys
,” J. Electron. Packag.
, 123
, pp. 247
–253
.2.
Sarihan
, V.
, 1993, “Temperature Dependent Viscoplastic Simulation of Controlled Collapse Solder Joint Under Thermal Cycling
,” J. Electron. Packag.
, 115
, pp. 16
–21
.3.
Wiese
, S.
, Meusel
, E.
, and Wolter
, K.-J.
, 2003, “Microstructural Dependence of Constitutive Properties of Eutectic SnAg and SnAgCu solders
,” 53rd Electronic Components and Technology Conference.4.
Dube
, M.
, and Kundu
, T.
, 2005, “Yield Function for Solder Elasto viscoplastic Modeling
,” J. Electron. Packag.
, 127
, pp. 147
–156
.5.
Anand
, L.
, 1985, “Constitutive Equations for Hot-Working of Metals
,” Int. J. Plast.
, 1
, pp. 213
–231
.6.
Brown
, S. B.
, Kim
, K. H.
, and Anand
, L.
, 1989, “An Internal Variable Constitutive Model for Hot Working of Metals
,” Int. J. Plast.
, 5
, pp. 95
–130
.7.
Darveaux
, R.
, 2000, “Effect of Simulation Methodology on Solder Joint Crack Growth Correlation
,” 50th Electronic Components and Technology Conference
.8.
Busso
, E. P.
, Kitano
, M.
, and Kumazawa
, T.
, 1992, “A Visco-Plastic Constitutive Model for 60/40 Tin-Lead Solder Used in IC Package Joints
,” J. Eng. Mater. Technol.
, 114
, pp. 331
–337
.9.
Armstrong
, P. J.
, and Fredrick
, C. O.
, 1966, “A Mathematical Representation of the Multilinear Bauschinger Effect
,” Berkeley Nuclear Laboratories, Report No. RD/B/N731.10.
Busso
, E. P.
, Kitano
, M.
, and Kumazawa
, T.
, 1994, “Modeling Complex Inelastic Deformation Processes in IC Packages’ Solder Joints
,” J. Electron. Packag.
, 116
, pp. 6
–15
.11.
Wei
, Y.
, Chow
, C. L.
, Lau
, K. J.
Vianco
, P.
, and Fang
, H. E.
, 2004, “Behavior of Lead-Free Solder Under Thermomechanical Loading
,” J. Electron. Packag.
, 126
, pp. 367
–373
.12.
Basaran
, C.
, Zhao
, Y.
, Tang
, H.
, and Gomez
, J.
, 2005, “A Damage-Mechanics-Based Constitutive Model for Solder Joints
,” J. Electron. Packag.
, 127
, pp. 208
–214
.13.
Chaboche
, J. L.
, 1986, “Time-Independent Constitutive Theories for Cyclic Plasticity
,” Int. J. Plast.
, 2
, pp. 149
–188
.14.
Chaboche
, J. L.
, 1989, “Constitutive Equations for Cyclic Plasticity and Cyclic Viscoplasticity
,” Int. J. Plast.
, 5
, pp. 247
–302
.15.
White
, C. S.
, Bronkhorst
, C. A.
, and Anand
, L.
, 1990, “An Improved Isotropic-Kinematic Hardening Model for Moderate Deformation Metal Plasticity
,” Mech. Mater.
, 10
, pp. 127
–147
.16.
JEDEC Standard JESD22-B111, 2003, “
Board Level Drop Test Method of Components for Handheld Electronic Products
.”17.
Shetty
, S.
, Lehtinen
, V.
, Dasgupta
, A.
, Halkola
, V.
, and Reinikainen
, T.
, 2001, “Fatigue of Chip Scale Package Interconnects Due to Cyclic Bending
,” J. Electron. Packag.
, 123
, pp. 302
–308
.18.
Wong
, E. H.
, Lim
, K. M.
, Lee
, N.
, Seah
, S.
, Hoe
, C.
, and Wang
, J.
, 2002 “Drop Impact test—Mechanics and Physics of Failure
,” 4th Electronics Packaging Technology Conference
.19.
Irving
, S.
, and Liu
, Y.
, 2004, “Free Drop Test Simulation for Portable IC Package by Implicit Transient Dynamics FEM
,” 54th Electronic Components and Technology Conference
.20.
Wong
, E. H.
, and Mai
, Y.-W.
, 2006, “New Insights into Board Level Drop Impact
,” Microelectron. Reliab.
, 46
, pp. 930
–937
.21.
Luan
, J.-E.
, and Tee
, T. Y.
, 2004, “Analytical and Numerical Analysis of Impact Pulse Parameters on Consistency of Drop Impact results
,” 6th Electronics Packaging Technology Conference
.22.
Tee
, T. Y.
, Luan
, J.-E.
, Pek
, E.
, Lim
, C. T.
, and Zhong
, Z.
, 2004, “Advanced Experimental and Simulation Techniques for Analysis of Dynamic Responses During Drop Impact
,” 54th Electronic Components and Technology Conference
.23.
Yeh
, C.-L.
, and Lai
, Y.-S.
, 2004, “Transient Analysis of Board-level Drop Response of Lead-Free Chip-Scale Packages With Experimental Verifications
,” 6th Electronics Packaging Technology Conference
.24.
Che
, F. X.
, and Pang
, H. L.
, 2004, “Harsh Solder Joint Reliability Tests by Impact Drop and Highly Accelerated Life Test (HALT)
,” 6th Electronics Packaging Technology Conference
.25.
ls-dyna Keyword User’s Manual, Livermore Software Technology Corporation, Version 970, 2003.
26.
ansys Documentation Manuals, Ansys Inc., 2007.
27.
Gray
, G.
, 2000, “Classic Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar Testing
,” American Society for Metals Handbook
, 12th ed., Vol. 8
, pp. 462
–476
.28.
Fix
, A. R.
, López
, G. A.
, Brauer
, I.
, Nüchter
, W.
, and Mittemmeijer
, E. J.
, 2004, “Microstructural Development of SnAgCu Solder Joints
,” J. Electron. Mater.
, 34
, pp. 137
–142
.29.
Xiao
, Q.
, Bailey
, H. J.
, and Armstrong
, W. D.
, 2004, “Aging Effects on Microstructure and Tensile Property of Sn3.9Ag0.6Cu Solder Alloy
,” J. Electron. Packag.
, 126
, pp. 208
–212
.Copyright © 2011
by American Society of Mechanical Engineers
You do not currently have access to this content.