... 2007 17 04 2008 11 02 2009 annealing copper alloys grain boundary diffusion hardness hardness testing high-temperature effects silver alloys solders thermal diffusion tin alloys thermomigration lead-free hardness elastic modulus grain coarsening...

..., this value can vary greatly with film fabrication and poling processes, and its measurement is often highly coupled to the material’s thermal diffusivity. This paper describes a new approach to film characterization that combines the popular “ 3 - omega ” technique for thermal characterization...