Abstract
Thermal management is an important factor in securing the safe and effective operation of a fuel cell vehicle (FCV). A parameterized stack model of a 100 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is constructed by matlab/Simulink to design and asses the thermal management characteristics of a 100 kW full-powered FCV. The cooling components model, with parameters obtained by theoretical calculation based on the cooling requirement, is developed in the commercial solver GT-COOL. A thermal management simulation platform is constructed by coupling the stack model and cooling components. The accuracy of the modeling method for the stack is validated by comparing with the experimental data. The relationship between the operating temperature and output performance of the fuel cell stack is revealed based on the simulation model. The simulation results show that the operating temperature has a considerable influence on stack performance under high-current operation, and the inlet and outlet temperatures of the stack change nearly linearly with the increasing environmental temperature. The heat dissipation potential of the thermal management system under the high-load condition is also verified. The temperatures and coolant flow of core components, including the stack, DC/DC, air compressor, and driving motor, can meet the cooling requirements.
Issue Section:
Alternative Energy Sources
References
1.
Larminie
, J.
, 2003
, Fuel Cell Systems Explained
, John Wiley and Sons
, UK
.2.
Roy
, M. M.
, 2009
, “Effect of Fuel Injection Timing and Injection Pressure on Combustion and Odorous Emissions in DI Diesel Engines
,” ASME J. Energy Resour. Technol.
, 131
(3
), pp. 790
–796
.3.
Wang
, Y.
, Li
, S.
, Zhang
, Y.
, Yang
, X.
, Deng
, Y.
, and Su
, C.
, 2016
, “The Influence of Inner Topology of Exhaust Heat Exchanger and Thermoelectric Module Distribution on the Performance of Automotive Thermoelectric Generator
,” Energy Convers. Manage.
, 126
(6
), pp. 266
–277
. 10.1016/j.enconman.2016.08.0094.
Liu
, X.
, Deng
, Y. D.
, Zhang
, K.
, Xu
, M.
, Xu
, Y.
, and Su
, C. Q.
, 2014
, “Experiments and Simulations on Heat Exchangers in Thermoelectric Generator for Automotive Application
,” Appl. Therm. Eng.
, 71
(1
), pp. 364
–370
. 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.07.0225.
Wang
, Y.
, Li
, S.
, Xie
, X.
, Deng
, Y.
, Liu
, X.
, and Su
, C.
, 2018
, “Performance Evaluation of an Automotive Thermoelectric Generator With Inserted Fins or Dimpled Surface Hot Heat Exchanger
,” Appl. Energy
, 218
, pp. 391
–401
. 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.02.1766.
Lee
, M. Y.
, and Lee
, D. Y.
, 2015
, “Review on Conventional Air Conditioning, Alternative Refrigerants, and CO2 Heat Pumps for Vehicles
,” Adv. Mech. Eng.
, 5
, pp. 1
–15
. 10.1155/2013/7139247.
Ma
, J.
, and Hemmers
, O.
, 2011
, “Technoeconomic Analysis of Microalgae Cofiring Process for Fossil Fuel-Fired Power Plants
,” ASME J. Energy Resour. Technol.
, 133
(1
), p. 011801
. 10.1115/1.40037298.
Jeong
, K. S.
, and Oh
, B. S.
, 2002
, “Fuel Economy and Life-Cycle Cost Analysis of a Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle
,” J. Power Sources
, 105
(1
), pp. 58
–65
. 10.1016/S0378-7753(01)00965-X9.
Boretti
, A. A.
, 2012
, “Energy Recovery in Passenger Cars
,” ASME J. Energy Resour. Technol.
, 134
(2
), p. 022203
. 10.1115/1.400569910.
Rajashekara
, K.
, 2005
, “Power Conversion System Strategies for Fuel Cell Vehicles
,” Adv Technol Electral Eng Energ
, 24
(1
), pp. 8
–13
. 10.1016/S0360-3199(97)00102-X11.
Liu
, X.
, Deng
, Y. D.
, Li
, Z.
, and Su
, C. Q.
, 2015
, “Performance Analysis of a Waste Heat Recovery Thermoelectric Generation System for Automotive Application
,” Energy Convers. Manage.
, 90
, pp. 121
–127
. 10.1016/j.enconman.2014.11.01512.
Aso
, S.
, Kizaki
, M.
, and Nonobe
, Y.
, 2007
, “Development of Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicles in Toyota
,” Power Conversion Conference-Nagoya
, Nagoya
, Apr. 2–5
, pp. 1606
–1611
.13.
Sando
, Y.
, 2009
, “Research and Development of Fuel Cell Vehicles at Honda
,” ECS Trans.
, 25
, pp. 211
–224
. 10.1149/1.321057314.
Fly
, A.
, and Thring
, R. H.
, 2016
, “A Comparison of Evaporative and Liquid Cooling Methods for Fuel Cell Vehicles
,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy
, 41
(32
), pp. 14217
–14229
. 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.06.08915.
Fragiacomo
, P.
, De Lorenzo
, G.
, and Corigliano
, O.
, 2018
, “Performance Analysis of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Gasifier Integrated System in Co-Trigenerative Arrangement
,” ASME J. Energy Resour. Technol.
, 140
(9
), p. 092001
. 10.1115/1.403987216.
Yang
, X. G.
, Ye
, Q.
, and Cheng
, P.
, 2011
, “Matching of Water and Temperature Fields in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells With Non-Uniform Distributions
,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy
, 36
(19
), pp. 12524
–12537
. 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.07.01417.
Kurnia
, J. C.
, Sasmito
, A. P.
, and Shamim
, T.
, 2017
, “Performance Evaluation of a PEM Fuel Cell Stack With Variable Inlet Flows Under Simulated Driving Cycle Conditions
,” Appl. Energy
, 206
, pp. 751
–764
. 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.22418.
Wang
, Y.
, and Liu
, Z.
, 2018
, “Numerical Study on Fuel Preheating at Cold Start Phase in an Ethanol Flex Fuel Engine
,” ASME J. Energy Resour. Technol.
, 140
(8
), p. 082207
. 10.1115/1.403974019.
Dumercy
, L.
, Glises
, R.
, Louahlia-Gualous
, H.
, and Kauffmann
, J. M.
, 2006
, “Thermal Management of a PEMFC Stack by 3D Nodal Modeling
,” J. Power Sources
, 156
(1
), pp. 78
–84
. 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.08.03820.
Faghri
, A.
, and Guo
, Z.
, 2005
, “Challenges and Opportunities of Thermal Management Issues Related to Fuel Cell Technology and Modeling
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer
, 48
(19–20
), pp. 3891
–3920
. 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.04.01421.
Asghari
, S.
, Akhgar
, H.
, and Imani
, B. F.
, 2011
, “Design of Thermal Management Subsystem for a 5 kW Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell System
,” J. Power Sources
, 196
(6
), pp. 3141
–3148
. 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.11.07722.
Hwang
, J.-J.
, 2013
, “Thermal Control and Performance Assessment of a Proton Exchanger Membrane Fuel Cell Generator
,” Appl. Energy
, 108
, pp. 184
–193
. 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.03.02523.
Amirfazli
, A.
, Asghari
, S.
, and Koosha
, M.
, 2014
, “Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of Thermal Management in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Stacks
,” J. Power Sources
, 268
, pp. 533
–545
. 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.06.07324.
Sunden
, B.
, and Wu
, Z.
, 2017
, “On Heat Transfer Issues for Wind Energy Systems
,” ASME J. Energy Resour. Technol.
, 139
(5
), p. 051201
. 10.1115/1.403555325.
Adler
, J.
, and Bandhauer
, T.
, 2017
, “Performance of a Diesel Engine at High Coolant Temperatures
,” ASME J. Energy Resour. Technol.
, 139
(6
), p. 062203
. 10.1115/1.403677126.
Zhang
, G.
, and Kandlikar
, S. G.
, 2012
, “A Critical Review of Cooling Techniques in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Stacks
,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy
, 37
(3
), pp. 2412
–2429
. 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.11.01027.
Chen
, F. C.
, Gao
, Z.
, Loutfy
, R. O.
, and Hecht
, M.
, 2003
, “Analysis of Optimal Heat Transfer in a PEM Fuel Cell Cooling Plate
,” Fuel Cells
, 3
(4
), pp. 181
–188
. 10.1002/fuce.20033011228.
Lasbet
, Y.
, Auvity
, B.
, Castelain
, C.
, and Peerhossaini
, H.
, 2006
, “A Chaotic Heat-Exchanger for PEMFC Cooling Applications
,” J. Power Sources
, 156
(1
), pp. 114
–118
. 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.08.03029.
Lasbet
, Y.
, Auvity
, B.
, Castelain
, C.
, and Peerhossaini
, H.
, 2007
, “Thermal and Hydrodynamic Performances of Chaotic Mini-Channel: Application to the Fuel Cell Cooling
,” Heat Transfer Eng.
, 28
(8–9
), pp. 795
–803
. 10.1080/0145763070132890830.
Castelain
, C.
, Lasbet
, Y.
, Auvity
, B.
, and Peerhossaini
, H.
, 2016
, “Experimental Study of the Thermal Performance of Chaotic Geometries for Their Use in PEM Fuel Cells
,” Int. J. Therm. Sci.
, 101
, pp. 181
–192
. 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2015.10.03331.
Kang
, S.
, Min
, K.
, Mueller
, F.
, and Brouwer
, J.
, 2009
, “Configuration Effects of Air, Fuel, and Coolant Inlets on the Performance of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell for Automotive Applications
,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy
, 34
(16
), pp. 6749
–6764
. 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.06.04932.
Cheng
, S.
, Fang
, C.
, Xu
, L.
, Li
, J.
, and Ouyang
, M.
, 2015
, “Model-Based Temperature Regulation of a PEM Fuel Cell System on a City Bus
,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy
, 40
(39
), pp. 13566
–13575
. 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.08.04233.
Yu
, S.
, and Jung
, D.
, 2008
, “Thermal Management Strategy for a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System With a Large Active Cell Area
,” Renew. Energy
, 33
(12
), pp. 2540
–2548
. 10.1016/j.renene.2008.02.01534.
Saygili
, Y.
, Eroglu
, I.
, and Kincal
, S.
, 2015
, “Model Based Temperature Controller Development for Water Cooled PEM Fuel Cell Systems
,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy
, 40
(1
), pp. 615
–622
. 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.10.04735.
Fronk
, M. H.
, Wetter
, D. L.
, Masten
, D. A.
, and Bosco
, A.
, 2000
, “PEM Fuel Cell System Solutions for Transportation
,” SAE 2000 World Congress
, Detroit
, MI, Mar. 6–9
, pp. 212
–219
.36.
Vasu
, G.
, and Tangirala
, A. K.
, 2008
, “Control-Orientated Thermal Model for Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Systems
,” J. Power. Sources
, 183
(1
), pp. 98
–108
. 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.03.08737.
Khan
, M. J.
, and Iqbal
, M. T.
, 2005
, “Modelling and Analysis of Electrochemical, Thermal, and Reactant Flow Dynamics for a PEM Fuel Cell System
,” Fuel Cells
, 5
(4
), pp. 463
–475
. 10.1002/fuce.20040007238.
Swedenborg
, S.
, 2017
, Modeling and Simulation of Cooling System for Fuel Cell Vehicle
, Uppsala University
, Sweden
.39.
Mann
, R. F.
, Amphlett
, J. C.
, Hooper
, M. A. I.
, Jensen
, H. M.
, Peppley
, B. A.
, and Roberge
, P. R.
, 2000
, “Development and Application of a Generalised Steady-State Electrochemical Model for a PEM Fuel Cell
,” J. Power Sources
, 86
(1
), pp. 173
–180
. 10.1016/S0378-7753(99)00484-X40.
Amphlett
, J. C.
, Baumert
, R. M.
, Mann
, R. F.
, Peppley
, B. A.
, Roberge
, P. R.
, and Harries
, T. J.
, 1995
, “Performance Modeling of the Ballard Mark IV Solid Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell
,” J. Electrochem. Soc.
, 142
(1
), pp. 9
–15
. 10.1149/1.204395941.
Ulleberg
, Ø.
, 2003
, “Modeling of Advanced Alkaline Electrolyzers: A System Simulation Approach
,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy
, 28
(1
), pp. 21
–33
. 10.1016/S0360-3199(02)00033-242.
Rahman
, M. M.
, Hua
, T. J.
, and Rahman
, H. Y.
, 2014
, “Design of the Controller Cooling System of an Electric Vehicle
,” Appl. Mech. Mater
, 663
, pp. 213
–21735
. www.scientific.net/AMM.663.21343.
Ding
, Z.
, Shen
, W.
, Xue
, H.
, Qu
, M.
, Hao
, T.
, and Huang
, T.
, 2018
, “Designing on a High Power Electric Vehicle Controller Semiconductor Cooling and Water Cooling System
,” J. Comput. Methods Sci. Eng.
, pp. 1
–10
.44.
Bin-Abdun
, N. A.
, Razlan
, Z. M.
, Shahriman
, A. B.
, Hazry
, D.
, Khairunizam
, W.
, Yaacob
, S.
, Ahmed
, S. F.
, Hussain
, A. T.
, and Kamaruddin
, H.
, 2015
, “The Performance of a Heat Exchanger Designed for Cooling Electric Vehicle Car Battery System by Use Base Fluid and Nano-Fluid
,” Appl. Mech. Mater.
, 793
, pp. 573
–577
. www.scientific.net/AMM.793.573Copyright © 2019 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
