... burning process as they do not reach the nozzle. The simplified model will be further used in modeling the agglomerates’ breakup and predicting the mechanical erosion for aluminum particles with lower surface tension. The results showed that applying the Reitz–Diwakar breakup model reduces the erosion...

... constructed and validated using the experimental results. The percentage error in the droplets’ average diameter and the number is between 6 and 15% and 8 and 18%, respectively. Furthermore, the effect of reducing the liquid surface tension was studied. The results showed that it facilitates water bodies...

... manuscript received February 16, 2003. Associate Editor: C. Sarica. 05 February 2001 06 March 2001 16 February 2003 19 10 2004 pipe flow two-phase flow flow visualisation surface tension viscosity crude oil water The pipe flow of two immiscible liquid phases has...

... was economically competitive with other separation processes ( 22 ). Sanford et al. examined the effects of mechanical energy, p H , surface tension, and aging on surfactant-enhanced removal of oil from sand ( 23 ). Cost-performance field studies of surfactant-enhanced soil washing have shown the economic...

..., October 28, 1999; revised manuscript received June 11, 2001. Associate Editor: C. Sarica. 28 October 1999 11 June 2001 oil technology pipe flow multiphase flow water hydrogen compounds carbon compounds density viscosity surface tension drops gases Experimental...