The fuel concentration in a pressurized and heated gas mixture flow was measured by LIF (laser induced fluorescence) technique. Diacetyl was used as the fluorescence tracer of fuel and was excited at a wavelength of 355 nm. Influent parameters on the LIF intensity among the equivalence ratio, the environment temperature and pressure, the flow velocity were determined from a parametric study. The technique of plans of experiments with statistical tests and analysis was investigated to determine exactly the preponderant parameters and their influence on the LIF intensity. For the experimental conditions explored in this work, the value of the LIF intensity was calculated by developing a quadratic model. By inversion of the transfer function, the equivalence ratio was deduced with a low mean relative error.
Issue Section:
Additional Technical Papers
Keywords:
flow measurement,
internal combustion engines,
fluorescence spectroscopy,
laser beam applications,
tracers,
fuel,
chemically reactive flow,
mixtures
Topics:
Flow (Dynamics),
Fluorescence,
Fuels,
Lasers,
Pressure,
Signals,
Temperature,
Transfer functions,
Laser beams
1.
Zhao
, H.
, and Ladommatos
, N.
, 1998
, “Optical diagnostics for in-cylinder mixture formation measurements in IC engines
,” Prog. Energy Combust. Sci.
, 24
, pp. 297
–336
.2.
Fujikawa, T., Hattori, Y., and Akihama, K., 1997, “Quantitative 2-D fuel distribution measurements in a SI engine using laser-induced fluorescence with suitable combination of fluorescence tracer and excitation wavelength,” SAE Paper 972944.
3.
Neij
, H.
, Johansson
, B.
, and Alden
, M.
, 1994
, “Development and demonstration of 2D-LIF for studies of mixture preparation in SI engines
,” Combust. Flame
, 99
, pp. 449
–457
.4.
Johansson, B., Neij, H., Alden, M., and Juhlin, G., 1995, “Investigations of the influence of mixture preparation on cyclic variations in a SI-engine using laser induced fluorescence,” SAE Paper 950108.
5.
Itoh, T., Kakuho, A., Hishinuma, H., Urushiahara, T., Takagi, Y., Horie, K., Asano, M., Ogata, E., and Yamasita, T., 1995, “Development of a new compound fuel and fluorescent tracer combination for use with laser induced fluorescence,” SAE Paper 952465.
6.
Urushihara
, T.
, Nakata
, T.
, Kakuhou
, A.
, and Takagi
, Y.
, 1996
, “Effects of swirl and tumble motion on fuel vapor behavior and mixture stratification in lean burn engine
,” JSAE Review
, 17
, pp. 239
–244
.7.
Hishinuma
, H.
, Urushihara
, T.
, Kakuho
, A.
, and Itoh
, T.
, 1996
, “Development of a technique for quantifying in-cylinder A/F ratio distribution using LIF image processing
,” JSAE Review
, 17
, pp. 355
–359
.8.
Reboux, J., Puechberty, D., and Dionnet, F., 1994, “A new approach of planar laser induced fluorescence applied to fuel/air ratio measurement in the compression stroke of an optical S. I. engine,” SAE Paper 941988.
9.
Reboux, J., Puechberty, D., and Dionnet, F., 1996, “Study of mixture inhomogeneities and combustion development in a S. I. engine using a new approach of laser induced fluorescence (FARLIF),” SAE Paper 961205.
10.
Knapp, M., Beushausen, V., Hentschel, W., Manz, P., Gru¨nefeld, G., and Andresen, P., 1997, “In-cylinder mixture formation analysis with spontaneous raman scattering applied to a mass-production SI engine,” SAE Paper 970827.
11.
Kim, K. S., Choi, M. S., Lee, C. H., and Kim, W. T., 1997, “In-cylinder fuel distribution measurements using PLIF in a SI engine,” SAE Paper 970509.
12.
Kra¨mer, H., Einecke, S., Schulz, C., Sick, V., Nattrass, S. R., and Kitching, J. S., 1998, “Simultaneous mapping of the distribution of different fuel volatility classes using tracer-LIF and NIR-tomagraphy in an IC engine,” SAE Paper 982467.
13.
Ghandi, J. B., and Bracco, F. V., 1995, “Fuel distribution effects on the combustion of a direct-injection stratified-charge engine,” SAE Paper 950460.
14.
Fujikawa
, T.
, Hattori
, Y.
, Koike
, M.
, Akihama
, K.
, Kobayashi
, T.
, and Matsushita
, S.
, 1999
, “Quantitative 2-D fuel distribution measurements in a direct-injection gasoline engine using laser-induced fluorescence technique
,” JSME Int. J., Ser B
, 42
, No. 4
, pp. 760
–767
.15.
Arnold, A., Buschmann, A., Cousyn, B., Decker, M., Vannobel, F., Sick, V., and Wolfrum, J., 1993, “Simultaneous imaging of fuel and hydroxyl radicals in an in-line four cylinder SI engine,” SAE Paper 932696.
16.
Wolff, D., Beushausen, V., Schlu¨ter, H., Andresen, P., Hentschel, W., Manz, P., and Arndt, S., 1994, “Quantitative 2D-mixture fraction imaging inside an internal combustion engine using aceton-fluorescence,” International Symposium COMODIA 94, pp. 445–451.
17.
Swindal, J. C., Dragonetti, D. P., Hahn, R. T., Furman, P. A., and Acker, W. P., 1995, “In-cylinder charge homogeneity during cold-start studied with fluorescent tracers simulating different fuel distillation temperatures,” SAE Paper 950106.
18.
Meyer, J., Haug, M., Schreiber, M, and Unverzagt, S., 1995, “Controlling combustion in a spark ignition engine by quantitative fuel distribution,” SAE Paper 950107.
19.
Berckmu¨ller, M., Tait, N. P., and Greenhalgh, D. A., 1996, “The time history of the mixture formation process in a lean burn stratified-charge engine,” SAE Paper 961929.
20.
Berckmu¨ller, M., Tait, N. P., and Greenhalgh, D. A., 1997, “The influence of local fuel concentration on cyclic variability of a lean burn stratified-charge engine,” SAE Paper 970826.
21.
Baritaud, T. A., and Heinze, T. A., 1992, “Gasoline distributions measurements with PLIF in a SI engine,” SAE Paper 922355.
22.
Deschamps, B., Snyder, R., and Baritaud, T., 1994, “Effect of flow and gasoline stratification on combustion in a 4-valve SI engine,” SAE Paper 941993.
23.
Deschamps
, B.
, and Baritaud
, T.
, 1997
, “Visualisation of gasoline and exhaust gases distribution in a 4-valve SI engine; effects of stratification on combustion and pollutants
,” Revue de l’Institut Franc¸ais du Pe´trole
, 52
, No. 6
, pp. 651
–667
.24.
Depussay, E., Mounai¨m-Rousselle, C., Burnel, S., Deschamps, B., and Ricordeau, V., 1998, “Comparative measurements of local iso-octane concentrations by planar laser induced fluorescence and catalytic hot wires probe in SI engine,” SAE Paper 98FL-567.
25.
Jian-Bang
, L.
, Qi
, P.
, Chang-Sheng
, L.
, and Jie-Rong
, S.
, 1988
, “Principles of flow field diagnostics by laser induced biacetyl phosphorescence
,” Exp. Fluids
, 6
, pp. 505
–513
.26.
Okabe
, H.
, and Noyes
, W. A.
, Jr., 1957
, “The relative intensities of fluorescence and phosphorescence in biacetyl vapor
,” J. Am. Chem. Soc.
, 79
, pp. 801
–806
.27.
Heicklen
, J.
, 1959
, “The fluorescence and phosphorescence of biacetyl vapor and acetone vapor
,” J. Am. Chem. Soc.
, 81
, pp. 3863
–3866
.28.
Itoh
, F.
, Kyachakoff
, G.
, and Hanson
, R. K.
, 1985
, “Flow visualization in low pressure chambers using laser-induced biacetyl phosphorescence
,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B
, 3
, No. 6
, pp. 1600
–1603
.29.
Cruyningen
, I.
, Lozano
, A.
, and Hanson
, R. K.
, 1990
, “Quantitative imaging of concentration by planar laser-induced fluorescence
,” Exp. Fluids
, 10
, pp. 41
–49
.30.
Lawrenz, W., Ko¨hler, J., Meier, F., Stolz, W., Wirth, R., Bloss, W. H., Maly, R. R., Wagner, E., and Zahn, M., 1992, “Quantitative 2D LIF measurements of air/fuel ratios during the intake stroke in a transparent SI engine,” SAE Paper 922320.
31.
Grossmann
, F.
, Monkhouse
, P. B.
, Ridder
, M.
, Sick
, V.
, and Wolfrum
, J.
, 1996
, “Temperature and pressure dependences of the laser-induced fluorescence of gas-phase acetone and 3-pentanone
,” Appl. Phys. B: Lasers and Optics
, 62
, pp. 249
–253
.32.
Yuen
, L. S.
, Peters
, J. E.
, and Lucht
, R. P.
, 1997
, “Pressure dependence of laser-induced fluorescence from acetone
,” Appl. Opt.
, 36
, No. 15
, pp. 3271
–3277
.33.
Bryant
, R. A.
, Donbar
, J. M.
, and Driscoll
, J. F.
, 2000
, “Acetone laser induced fluorescence for low pressure/low temperature flow visualization
,” Exp. Fluids
, 28
, pp. 471
–476
.34.
Sasayama, T., 1986, “An advanced computer controlled engine system employing new combustion monitoring sensors,” SAE Paper 865077.
35.
Sado, G., and Sado, M. C., 1991, Les plans d’expe´riences: de l’expe´rimentation a` l’assurance qualite´, Afnor Technique.
36.
Benoist, D., Tourbier, Y., and Germain-Tourbier, S., 1994, Plans d’expe´riences: construction et analyze, Technique & Documentation Lavoisier.
37.
Box, G. E. P., and Draper, N. R., 1987, Empirical model building and response surfaces, Wiley, New York.
38.
Einecke
, S.
, Schulz
, C.
, and Sick
, V.
, 2000
, “Measurement of temperature, fuel concentration and equivalence ratio fields using tracer LIF in IC engine combustion
,” Appl. Phys. B: Lasers and Optics
, 71
, pp. 717
–723
.Copyright © 2002
by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
