The potential human health and environmental impacts of aircraft gas turbine engine emissions during normal airport operation are issues of growing concern. During the JETS/Aircraft Particle Emissions eXperiment(APEX)-2 and APEX-3 field campaigns, we performed an extensive series of gas phase and particulate emissions measurements of on-wing gas turbine engines. In all, nine different CFM56 style engines (including both CFM56-3B1 and -7B22 models) and seven additional engines (two RB211-535E4-B engines, three AE3007 engines, one PW4158, and one CJ6108A) were studied to evaluate engine-to-engine variability. Specific gas-phase measurements include , NO, and total , HCHO, , CO, and a range of volatile organic compounds (e.g., benzene, styrene, toluene, naphthalene). A number of broad conclusions can be made based on the gas-phase data set: (1) field measurements of gas-phase emission indices (EIs) are generally consistent with ICAO certification values; (2) speciation of gas phase between NO and is reproducible for different engine types and favors at low power (and low fuel flow rate) and NO at high power (high fuel flow rate); (3) emission indices of gas-phase organic compounds and CO decrease rapidly with increasing fuel flow rate; (4) plotting EI-CO or volatile organic compound EIs against fuel flow rate collapses much of the variability between the different engines, with one exception (AE3007); (5) HCHO, ethylene, acetaldehyde, and propene are the most abundant volatile organic compounds present in the exhaust gases that we can detect, independent of engine technology differences. Empirical correlations accurate to within 30% and based on the publicly available engine parameters are presented for estimating EI- and EI-. Engine-to-engine variability, unavailability of combustor input conditions, changing ambient temperatures, and complex reaction dynamics limit the accuracy of global correlations for CO or volatile organic compound EIs.
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June 2010
Research Papers
Gas Turbine Engine Emissions—Part I: Volatile Organic Compounds and Nitrogen Oxides
Scott C. Herndon,
Scott C. Herndon
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
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Ezra C. Wood,
Ezra C. Wood
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
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Timothy B. Onasch,
Timothy B. Onasch
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
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Megan J. Northway,
Megan J. Northway
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
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John T. Jayne,
John T. Jayne
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
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Manjula R. Canagaratna,
Manjula R. Canagaratna
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
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Richard C. Miake-Lye,
Richard C. Miake-Lye
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
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W. Berk Knighton
W. Berk Knighton
Department of Chemistry,
Montana State University
, P.O. Box 173400, Bozeman, MT 59717-3400
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Michael T. Timko
Scott C. Herndon
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
Ezra C. Wood
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
Timothy B. Onasch
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
Megan J. Northway
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
John T. Jayne
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
Manjula R. Canagaratna
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
Richard C. Miake-Lye
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
W. Berk Knighton
Department of Chemistry,
Montana State University
, P.O. Box 173400, Bozeman, MT 59717-3400J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. Jun 2010, 132(6): 061504 (14 pages)
Published Online: March 19, 2010
Article history
Received:
April 13, 2009
Revised:
July 7, 2009
Published:
March 19, 2010
Connected Content
A companion article has been published:
Gas Turbine Engine Emissions—Part II: Chemical Properties of Particulate Matter
Citation
Timko, M. T., Herndon, S. C., Wood, E. C., Onasch, T. B., Northway, M. J., Jayne, J. T., Canagaratna, M. R., Miake-Lye, R. C., and Knighton, W. B. (March 19, 2010). "Gas Turbine Engine Emissions—Part I: Volatile Organic Compounds and Nitrogen Oxides." ASME. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. June 2010; 132(6): 061504. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4000131
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