Seepage and Heat Flow in Soil Freezing

In this paper we describe a system of computer programs based on the finite element method, which can be used for the calculation of coupled velocity and temperature fields during freezing and thawing of soils in the presence of seepage flow. In the programs, the mass and energy conservation equations are solved simultaneously, without the use of too limiting assumptions. The results of the computations are compared with experimental measurements made on a laboratory model of a soil freezing system, and the agreement between measured and computed values is good.