... fluid dynamics cooling microchannel flow porous materials thermal conductivity 3D chip stack micropin-fin integrated water cooling conjugate heat transfer modeling variable properties thin porous medium nonthermal equilibrium Vertical integration of circuit dies has tremendous...

..., and interstitial heat transfer coefficient. Marafie and Vafai ( 4 ) investigated forced convection in a porous medium using the Darcy–Forchheimer–Brinkman model under the nonthermal equilibrium assumption. The nonequilibrium two-energy equation model for conduction and convection is proposed by Nakayama et...