... particulate flow, when the particles are very far from each other, this circulation (vortex) dissipates before reaching the next particle downstream of the channel (Fig. 10( a ) ). For the parachute particulate flow, a pair of vortices are observed in the back of the particle as well (Fig. 11...

..., indicate the mixing effect to account from 19% to 68% of the heat transfer enhancement produced by using EPCM particles. Hence particle mixing, even at a very low particle concentration, is an effective convection mechanism. multiphase cooling channel convection phase-change material particulate flow...