Microspheres or droplets are increasingly finding various biomedical applications as drug microspheres and multicellular spheroids. Single nozzle-based continuous jetting with the help of acoustic excitation and/or carrier stream is a basic process for monodisperse microsphere fabrication. Precise control of microsphere size and size distribution in single nozzle jetting is still of great manufacturing interest. The objective of this study is to numerically model a glycerol-water microsphere fabrication process during acoustic excitation-based single nozzle continuous jetting. Using a volume of fluid method, this study has investigated the effects of material properties and fabrication conditions such as the acoustic excitation frequency and amplitude and the carrier stream velocity on the size of microspheres fabricated. (1) The microsphere diameter decreases as the glycerol volume percentage increases. (2) The excitation frequency and pressure have a pronounced effect on the microsphere size. The microsphere diameter decreases as the excitation frequency increases, and the microsphere diameter increases with the excitation pressure amplitude. (3) The microsphere size decreases as the carrier stream velocity increases.
Issue Section:
Research Papers
Keywords:
drops,
drug delivery systems,
emulsions,
jets,
materials properties,
microfabrication,
nozzles,
numerical analysis,
organic compounds,
two-phase flow,
water
Topics:
Acoustics,
Drops,
Excitation,
Manufacturing,
Materials properties,
Nozzles,
Water,
Satellites,
Pressure,
Fluids
1.
Amsden
, B.
, 1999, “The Production of Uniformly Sized Polymer Microspheres
,” Pharm. Res.
0724-8741, 16
, pp. 1140
–1143
.2.
Berkland
, C.
, Kim
, K.
, and Pack
, D. W.
, 2001, “Fabrication of PLG Microspheres With Precisely Controlled and Monodisperse Size Distributions
,” J. Controlled Release
0168-3659, 73
, pp. 59
–74
.3.
Berkland
, C.
, King
, M.
, Cox
, A.
, Kim
, K.
, and Pack
, D. W.
, 2002, “Precise Control of PLG Microsphere Size Provides Enhanced Control of Drug Release Rate
,” J. Controlled Release
0168-3659, 82
, pp. 137
–147
.4.
Berkland
, C.
, Pollauf
, E.
, Pack
, D. W.
, and Kim
, K.
, 2004, “Uniform Double-Walled Polymer Microspheres of Controllable Shell Thickness
,” J. Controlled Release
0168-3659, 96
, pp. 101
–111
.5.
Snider
, C.
, Lee
, S. -Y.
, Yeo
, Y.
, Grégori
, G. J.
, Robinson
, J. P.
, and Park
, K.
, 2008, “Microenvironment-Controlled Encapsulation (MiCE) Process: Effects of PLGA Concentration, Flow Rate, and Collection Method on Microcapsule Size and Morphology
,” Pharm. Res.
0724-8741, 25
, pp. 5
–15
.6.
Lin
, R. -Z.
, and Chang
, H. -Y.
, 2008, “Recent Advances in Three-Dimensional Multicellular Spheroid Culture for Biomedical Research
,” Biotechnol. J.
, 3
, pp. 1172
–1184
.7.
Shah
, R. K.
, Shum
, H. C.
, Rowat
, A. C.
, Lee
, D.
, Agresti
, J. J.
, Utada
, A. S.
, Chu
, L. -K.
, Kim
, J. -W.
, Fernandez-Nieves
, A.
, Martinez
, C. J.
, and Weitz
, D. A.
, 2008, “Designer Emulsions Using Microfluidics
,” Mater. Today
1369-7021, 11
, pp. 18
–27
.8.
Pruesse
, U.
, and Vorlop
, K. D.
, 2004, “The Jetcutter Technology
,” Fundamentals of Cell Immobilization Biotechnology
, V.
Nédovic
and R.
Willaert
, eds., Kluwer Academic
, The Netherlands
, pp. 295
–309
.9.
Lacasse
, F. -X.
, Hildgen
, P.
, Pérodin
, J.
, Escher
, E.
, Phillips
, N. C.
, and McMullen
, J. N.
, 1997, “Improved Activity of a New Angiotensin Receptor Antagonist by an Injectable Spray-Dried Polymer Microsphere Preparation
,” Pharm. Res.
0724-8741, 14
, pp. 887
–891
.10.
Senuma
, Y.
, Lowe
, C.
, Zweifel
, Y.
, Hilborn
, J. G.
, and Marison
, I.
, 2000, “Alginate Hydrogel Microspheres and Microcapsules Prepared by Spinning Disk Atomization
,” Biotechnol. Bioeng.
0006-3592, 67
, pp. 616
–622
.11.
Tabata
, Y.
, and Ikada
, Y.
, 1990, “Phagocytosis of Polymer Microspheres by Macrophages
,” Adv. Polym. Sci.
0065-3195, 94
, pp. 107
–141
.12.
Barrow
, E. L. W.
, Winchester
, G. A.
, Staas
, J. K.
, Quenelle
, D. C.
, and Barrow
, W. W.
, 1998, “Use of Microsphere Technology for Targeted Delivery of Rifampin to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis-Infected Macrophages
,” Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
0066-4804, 42
, pp. 2682
–2689
.13.
Berkland
, C.
, Kim
, K.
, and Pack
, D. W.
, 2003, “PLG Microsphere Size Controls Drug Release Rate Through Several Competing Factors
,” Pharm. Res.
0724-8741, 20
, pp. 1055
–1062
.14.
Sansdrap
, P.
, and Moes
, A. J.
, 1993, “Influence of Manufacturing Parameters on the Size Characteristics and the Release Profiles of Nifedipine From Poly(DL-Lactide-co-Glycolide) Microspheres
,” Int. J. Pharm.
0378-5173, 98
, pp. 157
–164
.15.
Berkland
, C.
, Kipper
, M. J.
, Narasimhan
, B.
, Kim
, K.
, and Pack
, D. W.
, 2004, “Microsphere Size, Precipitation Kinetics, and Drug Distribution Control Drug Release From Biodegradable Polyanhydride Microspheres
,” J. Controlled Release
0168-3659, 94
, pp. 129
–141
.16.
Rayleigh
, L.
, 1879, “On the Capillary Phenomena of Jets
,” Proc. R. Soc. London
0370-1662, 29
, pp. 71
–97
.17.
Stone
, H. A.
, 1994, “Dynamics of Drop Deformation and Breakup in Viscous Fluids
,” Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.
0066-4189, 26
, pp. 65
–102
.18.
Eggers
, J.
, 1997, “Nonlinear Dynamics and Breakup of Free-Surface Flows
,” Rev. Mod. Phys.
0034-6861, 69
, pp. 865
–930
.19.
Rayleigh
, L.
, 1892, “On the Instability of a Cylinder of Viscous Liquid Under Capillary Force
,” Philos. Mag.
1478-6435, 34
, pp. 145
–154
.20.
Tomotika
, S.
, 1935, “On the Instability of a Cylindrical Thread of a Viscous Liquid Surrounded by Another Viscous Fluid
,” Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A
0950-1207, 150
, pp. 322
–337
.21.
Nayfeh
, A. H.
, 1970, “Nonlinear Stability of a Liquid Jet
,” Phys. Fluids
0031-9171, 13
, pp. 841
–847
.22.
Yuen
, M. -C.
, 1968, “Non-Linear Capillary Instability of a Liquid Jet
,” J. Fluid Mech.
0022-1120, 33
, pp. 151
–163
.23.
Pimbley
, W. T.
, and Lee
, H. C.
, 1977, “Satellite Droplet Formation in a Liquid Jet
,” IBM J. Res. Dev.
0018-8646, 21
, pp. 21
–30
.24.
Rallison
, J. M.
, 1984, “The Deformation of Small Viscous Drops and Bubbles in Shear Flows
,” Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.
0066-4189, 16
, pp. 45
–66
.25.
Lee
, H. C.
, 1974, “Drop Formation in a Liquid Jet
,” IBM J. Res. Dev.
0018-8646, 18
, pp. 364
–369
.26.
Reitz
, R. D.
, 1987, “Modeling Atomization Processes in High-Pressure Vaporizing Sprays
,” Atom. Spray Tech.
, 3
, pp. 309
–337
.27.
Richards
, J. R.
, Beris
, A. N.
, and Lenhoff
, A. M.
, 1995, “Drop Formation in Liquid-liquid Systems Before and After Jetting
,” Phys. Fluids
0031-9171, 7
, pp. 2617
–2630
.28.
Eggers
, J.
, and Dupont
, T. F.
, 1994, “Drop Formation in a One-Dimensional Approximation of the Navier–Stokes Equation
,” J. Fluid Mech.
0022-1120, 262
, pp. 205
–221
.29.
Wilkes
, E. D.
, Phillips
, S. D.
, and Basaran
, O. A.
, 1999, “Computational and Experimental Analysis of Dynamics of Drop Formation
,” Phys. Fluids
0031-9171, 11
, pp. 3577
–3598
.30.
2006, FLUENT 6.3 User’s Guide, FLUENT Inc., NH, Lebanon.
32.
Lide
, D. R.
, 2007, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
, 88th ed., Taylor &Francis
, London
.33.
Rayleigh
, L.
, 1882, “On the Equilibrium of Liquid Conducting Masses Charged With Electricity
,” Philos. Mag.
1478-6435, 14
, pp. 184
–186
.34.
Ambravaneswaran
, B.
, Wilkes
, E. D.
, and Basaran
, O. A.
, 2002, “Drop Formation From a Capillary Tube: Comparison of One-Dimensional and Two-Dimensional Analyses and Occurrence of Satellite Drops
,” Phys. Fluids
0031-9171, 14
, pp. 2606
–2621
.Copyright © 2010
by American Society of Mechanical Engineers
You do not currently have access to this content.
