Fig. 1 ( a ) Finite element model of the foam showing the loading face, end wall, and boundary conditions and ( b ) deformed mesh superimposed on the undeformed mesh More about this image found in ( a ) Finite element model of the foam showing the loading face, end wall, ...

Fig. 2 Instron 5500R universal testing machine fitted with 110-kN load cell used for compression testing of cuboidal samples of foams of various densities More about this image found in Instron 5500R universal testing machine fitted with 110-kN load cell used f...

Fig. 3 Al foam compression test samples: ( a ) 30 mm × 25 mm × 25 mm foam of 270 kg/mm 3 before compression and ( b ) samples sandwiched between composite plates and tested under quasistatic compression from 30 mm height to 25 mm (left), 19 mm (middle), and 10 mm (right) heights, respectively. Th... More about this image found in Al foam compression test samples: ( a ) 30 mm × 25 mm × 25 mm foam of 270 k...

Fig. 4 Experimental quasistatic compression stress–strain curve for foams of different densities More about this image found in Experimental quasistatic compression stress–strain curve for foams of diffe...

Fig. 5 The nature of reflected blast pressure–time profile More about this image found in The nature of reflected blast pressure–time profile

Fig. 6 Comparison of total deformation in foam under shock tube loading obtained numerically and experimentally [ 25 ] More about this image found in Comparison of total deformation in foam under shock tube loading obtained n...

Fig. 7 Evolution of displacement with time at the loading face and at two representative distances from the loading face for foam densities 270 kg/m 3 (LD) and 600 kg/m 3 (HD). x = 0 mm represents the loading face, x = 12 represents the mid-face, and x = 21 mm is near the stationary face. More about this image found in Evolution of displacement with time at the loading face and at two represen...

Fig. 8 Typical velocity–time profiles in the foams of density 270 kg/m 3 (LD) and 600 kg/m 3 (HD) More about this image found in Typical velocity–time profiles in the foams of density 270 kg/m 3 (LD) and...

Fig. 9 Strain distributions along the length of ( a ) 270-kg/m 3 density foam and ( b ) 600-kg/m 3 density foam More about this image found in Strain distributions along the length of ( a ) 270-kg/m 3 density foam and...

Fig. 10 Typical strain–time profile in foam of density: 270 kg/m 3 and 600 kg/m 3 More about this image found in Typical strain–time profile in foam of density: 270 kg/m 3 and 600 kg/m 3

Fig. 11 Schematic diagram showing the development and progress of strain inside foam More about this image found in Schematic diagram showing the development and progress of strain inside foa...

Fig. 12 ( a ) Stress profile as a function of time and ( b ) stress contour at different time instants inside low-density foam More about this image found in ( a ) Stress profile as a function of time and ( b ) stress contour at diff...

Fig. 13 ( a ) Stress profile as a function of time and ( b ) stress contour at different time instants inside high-density foam More about this image found in ( a ) Stress profile as a function of time and ( b ) stress contour at diff...

Fig. 14 Stress–time profile at the end wall in the presence of foams of different densities More about this image found in Stress–time profile at the end wall in the presence of foams of different d...

Fig. 15 Peak stress at the end wall for foams of different densities More about this image found in Peak stress at the end wall for foams of different densities

Fig. 16 Stress–time profile at end wall for high-density (600 kg/m 3 ) and low-density foams (270 kg/m 3 ) of different lengths More about this image found in Stress–time profile at end wall for high-density (600 kg/m 3 ) and low-dens...

Fig. 1 Atomic snapshots of STGB Σ 5 Nb model: ( a ) region 1 depicting NVT thermostat layer and region 2 depicting NVE radiation simulation zone, ( b ) misorientation angle, ɵ = 53.13 deg (Σ 5(2–10)/(120)), and ( c ) 36.87 deg (Σ 5(3–10)/(130)) More about this image found in Atomic snapshots of STGB Σ 5 Nb model: ( a ) region 1 depicting NVT thermos...

Fig. 2 Atomic snapshots of stages of primary radiation damage within irradiated Nb. The top right bar represents the potential energy distribution in atoms (units: electron Volts). More about this image found in Atomic snapshots of stages of primary radiation damage within irradiated Nb...

Fig. 3 ( a ) Dynamic evolution of the Frenkel pair defects as the function of time at varying PKA energies, ( b ) peak damage stage defects, and ( c ) residual defects at the end of cascade simulation at 1200 K. The solid line curves represent the Nb- Σ 5 (210) model with ɵ = 53.13 deg, and the ... More about this image found in ( a ) Dynamic evolution of the Frenkel pair defects as the function of time...

Fig. 4 Dynamic evolution of the Frenkel pair defects as the function of time at varying PKA energies for irradiated single-crystal Nb at 1200 K More about this image found in Dynamic evolution of the Frenkel pair defects as the function of time at va...