Fig. 1 Schematics of the loading device and the specimen attached to the device. The T1 vertebra is inside the PMMA fixation, and hence, not shown. The C1 vertebra is the first cervical vertebra below the base of the skull. x , y , and z refer to the antero-posterior, lateral, and axial direct... More about this image found in Schematics of the loading device and the specimen attached to the device. T...

Fig. 2 Computed tomography images showing the inferior anterolateral mass fracture. Left image shows the coronal view and right image shows the axial view. More about this image found in Computed tomography images showing the inferior anterolateral mass fracture...

Fig. 3 Comparison of peak forces along the three anatomical axes at the occipital condyles and lower neck. Error bars denote standard deviations. More about this image found in Comparison of peak forces along the three anatomical axes at the occipital ...

Fig. 1 ( a ) CT scan of human lower legs, ( b ) a typical CT slice of human tibia and fibula, ( c )extraction of a cross section contour of tibia and fibula using autodesk inventor, and ( d )corresponding manually extracted cross section of human tibia and fibula (individual and combined centroids... More about this image found in ( a ) CT scan of human lower legs, ( b ) a typical CT slice of human tibia ...

Fig. 2 ( a ) Contours of cross section of tibia and fibula stacked in autodesk inventor, ( b ) a solid model obtained by lofting the various contours of the human tibia–fibula (top face undivided), and ( c ) a solid model obtained by lofting the various contours of the human tibia–fibula (top face... More about this image found in ( a ) Contours of cross section of tibia and fibula stacked in autodesk inv...

Fig. 3 ( a ) Tibia–fibula model without dividing loads, ( b ) tibia model without dividing loads, ( c )tibia–fibula model dividing into lateral and medial loads, and ( d ) tibia model dividing into lateral and medial loads. The X , Y , and Z axes shown in the figure correspond to medial/latera... More about this image found in ( a ) Tibia–fibula model without dividing loads, ( b ) tibia model without ...

Fig. 4 Part of cortical tibia having ( a ) centroidal axis aligned with the anatomical axis of tibia (shown by blue line), ( b ) centroidal axis misaligned with the anatomical axis of tibia (shown by yellow line), and ( c ) fractured tibia model More about this image found in Part of cortical tibia having ( a ) centroidal axis aligned with the anatom...

Fig. 5 3D scattered plot of sectional centroids of ( a ) combined tibia–fibula, ( b ) tibia, and ( c ) fibula; projection of sectional centroids on X – Z plane of ( d ) combined tibia–fibula, ( e ) tibia, and ( f ) fibula; and projection of sectional centroids on Y – Z plane of ( g ) combined ... More about this image found in 3D scattered plot of sectional centroids of ( a ) combined tibia–fibula, ( ...

Fig. 6 3D scattered plot of sectional centroids of ( a ) combined tibia–fibula, ( b ) tibia, and ( c ) fibula; projection of sectional centroids on X – Z plane of ( d ) combined tibia–fibula, ( e ) tibia, and ( f ) fibula; and projection of sectional centroids on Y – Z plane of ( g ) combined ... More about this image found in 3D scattered plot of sectional centroids of ( a ) combined tibia–fibula, ( ...

Fig. 7 Root mean square deviation of the sectional centroids from the best fit line (i.e., the anatomical axis) in ( a ) right and ( b ) left tibia and fibula of different subjects More about this image found in Root mean square deviation of the sectional centroids from the best fit lin...

Fig. 8 von Mises stress plots of ( a ) tibia–fibula under a uniform axial load of 2450 N, ( b ) tibia under a uniform axial load of 2450 N, ( c ) tibia under a proportionally reduced uniform axial load of 2317.6 N, ( d )tibia–fibula under a uniform axial load of 980 N on the lateral half and 1470 ... More about this image found in von Mises stress plots of ( a ) tibia–fibula under a uniform axial load of ...

Fig. 9 ( a ) von Mises stress plot of the tibia model having a straight central anatomical axis. ( b ) von Mises stress plot of the tibia model having a misaligned central anatomical axis. More about this image found in ( a ) von Mises stress plot of the tibia model having a straight central an...

Fig. 10 3D scattered plot of sectional centroids of ( a ) combined tibia–fibula, ( b ) tibia, ( c ) fibula; projection of sectional centroids on X – Z plane of ( d ) combined tibia–fibula, ( e ) tibia, ( f ) fibula; and projection of sectional centroids on Y – Z plane of ( g ) combined tibia–f... More about this image found in 3D scattered plot of sectional centroids of ( a ) combined tibia–fibula, ( ...

Fig. 11 3D scattered plot of sectional centroids of ( a ) combined tibia–fibula, ( b ) tibia, and ( c ) fibula; projection of sectional centroids on X – Z plane of ( d ) combined tibia–fibula, ( e ) tibia, and ( f ) fibula; and projection of sectional centroids on Y – Z plane of ( g ) combined... More about this image found in 3D scattered plot of sectional centroids of ( a ) combined tibia–fibula, ( ...

Fig. 12 3D scattered plot of sectional centroids of ( a ) combined tibia–fibula, ( b ) tibia, and ( c ) fibula; projection of sectional centroids on X – Z plane of ( d ) combined tibia–fibula, ( e ) tibia, and ( f ) fibula; and projection of sectional centroids on Y – Z plane of ( g ) combined... More about this image found in 3D scattered plot of sectional centroids of ( a ) combined tibia–fibula, ( ...

Fig. 13 3D scattered plot of sectional centroids of ( a ) combined tibia–fibula, ( b ) tibia, and ( c ) fibula; projection of sectional centroids on X – Z plane of ( d ) combined tibia–fibula, ( e ) tibia, and ( f ) fibula; and projection of sectional centroids on Y – Z plane of ( g ) combined... More about this image found in 3D scattered plot of sectional centroids of ( a ) combined tibia–fibula, ( ...

Fig. 4 Comparison of peak bending moments about the three anatomical planes at the occipital condyles and lower neck. Error bars denote standard deviations. More about this image found in Comparison of peak bending moments about the three anatomical planes at the...