...A. J. Pierorazio; A. M. Birk Recent studies have shown that the hazards associated with loss of containment and BLEVEs (boiling liquid expanding vapor explosions) are strongly tied to the energy stored in the liquid phase of a pressure vessel. This stored energy is affected by heat transfer...

...Shoichi Yoshida, Mem. ASME, Professor The bottom plate of aboveground oil storage tanks can bulge, separating from the foundation due to welding deformation. When such a bulge is subjected to liquid pressure, it deforms continuously to make contact with the foundation from the edge...