...-ionized (DI) water. Variations of surface tension and contact angle of Al 2 O 3 nanofluid are also compared with DI water. One of the smallest TPCT with different heat inputs (4 W, 8 W, and 12 W) and different inclinations (30 deg, 45 deg, 60 deg, and 90 deg) is tested for different concentration of Al 2...

... to a gradient of the surface tension in the so-called Marangoni effect (or Gibbs–Marangoni effect). Because the surface tension is both thermal and concentration dependent, Marangoni convection can be induced by either a thermal or a concentration gradient, where in the former case, it is generally referred...

... of the Bond numbers obtained for FC-72 and HFE-7000 indicates that the bubbles have to overcome higher surface tension forces before departing the foam surface in HFE-7000. Meanwhile, the effect of the foam configuration on the boiling heat transfer performance implies that a properly designed geometry...