A rail is simulated as an elastic-plastic kinematic hardening steel having a T-shaped cross section and finite length in the rolling direction. The direct analysis method and the finite element method are combined to solve for the steady-state residual stress/strains and cyclic plastic strain amplitudes. In the present analysis, some special loading cases are investigated. Results show that tensile residual stresses occur deep in a rail head over a large area of the substrate. These phenomena, which are observed in rail steel after service, cannot be deduced from a half plane or half space analysis.
Issue Section:
Research Papers
1.
Bhargava
V.
Hahn
G. T.
Rubin
C. A.
1985
, “An Elastic-Plastic Finite Element Model of Rolling Contact, Part 2: Analysis of Single Contacts
,” ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics
, Vol. 52
, pp. 75
–82
.2.
Bijak-Zochowski, M., 1992, “Investigation of Residual Stress by Penetration Method,” Residual Stress in Rail, O. Orringer, J. Orkisz, and Z. Swiderski, eds., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Vol. 1, pp. 185–203.
3.
Bower, A. F., Johnson, K. L., and Kalousek, J., 1987, “A Ratchetting Limit for Plastic Deformation of a Quarter-Space under Rolling Contact Loads,” Proc. Symp. on Contact Mechanics and Wear of Rail/Wheel Systems II, Kingston, R. I., July 1986, University of Waterloo Press, pp. 117–132.
4.
Cundiff, C. H., Rice, R. C., 1992, “Comparative Evaluation Alternative Methods for Measuring Rail Residual Stress,” Residual Stress in Rail, O. Orringer, J. Orkisz, and Z. Swiderski, eds., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Vol. 1, pp. 121–142.
5.
Czarnek, R., Lee, J., and Lin, S.-Y., 1992, “Moire Interferometry and its Potential for Applicadion to Redisual Stress Measurements in Rail,” Residual Stress in Rail, O. Orringer, J. Orkisz, and Z. Swiderski, eds., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Vol. 1, pp. 153–167.
6.
Deputat, J., Szelazek, J., Kwaszczynska-Klimek, A., and Miernik, A., 1992, “Experiences in Ultrasonic Measurement of Rail Residual Stress,” Residual Stress in Rail, O. Orringer, J. Orkisz, and Z. Swiderski, eds., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Vol. 1, pp. 169–183.
7.
Dubourg, M. C., and Kalker, J. J., 1993, “Crack Behaviour under Rolling Contact Fatigue,” Rail Quality and Maintenance for Modern Railway Operation, J. J. Kalker, D. F. Cannon, and O. Orringer, eds., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, pp. 373–384.
8.
Farris, T. N., 1994, “Effect of Overlapping Wheel Passages on Residual Stress in Rail Corners,” presented Contact Mechanics and Wear of Rail/Wheel Systems, the 4th international conference in Vancouver, Canada, 24–28 July, 1994.
9.
Hanson, M. T., and Keer, L. M., 1993, “Analytical and Numerical Treatment of Flange Contact,” Rail Quality and Maintenance for Modern Railway Operation, J. J. Kalker, D. F., Cannon, and O. Orringer, eds., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, pp. 203–214.
10.
Johnson, K. L., 1987, “Plastic Flow, Residual Stress and Shakedown in Rolling Contact,” Proc. Symp. on Contact Mechanics and Wear of Rail/Wheel System II, Kingston, R. I., July 1986, University of Waterloo Press, pp. 83–97.
11.
Kulkarni
S. M.
Hahn
G. T.
Rubin
C. A.
Bhargava
V.
1991
, “Elasto-Plastic Finite Element Analysis of Repeated Three-Dimensional, Elliptical Rolling Contact With Rail Wheel Properties
,” ASME JOURNAL OF TRIBOLOGY
, Vol. 113
, pp. 434
–441
.12.
Orringer, O., Morris, J. M., and Steele, R. K., 1984, “Applied Research on Rail Fatigue and Fracture in the United States,” Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., North-Holland, Vol. 1, pp. 23–49.
13.
Rail Defect Manual, 1968, compiled by Sperry Rail Service, A Division of Automation Industries, Inc.
14.
Steele, R. K., Joerms, M. W., Utrata, D., and Carpenter, G. F., 1992, “Catastrophic Web Cracking of Railroad Rail,” Residual Stress in Rail, O. Orringer, J. Orkisz, and Z. Swiderski, eds., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Vol. 1, pp. 1–19.
15.
Steele
R. K.
1991
, “The Effect of Metal Removal, Steel Cleanliness and Wheel Load on the Fatigue Life of Rail
,” Wear
, Vol. 144
, pp. 71
–87
.16.
Swiderski, Z., 1992, “Rail Fracture Inspection on the Heavily Loaded Railway Line Tczew-Katowice,” Residual Stress in Rail, O. Orringer, J. Orkisz, and Z. Swiderski, eds., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Vol. 1, pp. 21–35.
17.
Thompson, A. W., Albert, D. E., and Gray, G. T., 1993, “Fatigue Crack Growth in Rail Steels,” Rail Quality and Maintenance for Modern Railway Operation, J. J. Kalker, D. F. Cannon, and O. Orringer, eds., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, pp. 361–372.
18.
Yu
C.-C.
Keer
L. M.
Moran
B.
1996
a, “Elastic-Plastic Rolling/Sliding Contact on a Quarter Space
,” presented in Contact Mechanics and Wear of Rail/Wheel Systems, the 4th International Conference in Vancouver, Canada, 24-28 July, 1994 and published in Wear
, Vol. 191
, pp. 219
–225
.19.
Yu
C.-C.
Moran
B.
Keer
L. M.
1996
b, “A Simplified Direct Method for Cyclic Strain Calculation: Repeated Rolling/Sliding Contact on a Case-Hardened Half Plane
,” ASME JOURNAL OF TRIBOLOGY
, Vol. 118
, pp. 329
–334
.20.
Yu
C.-C.
Keer
L. M.
1996
c, “Edge Effect on the Rolling/Sliding Contact
,” Computational Mechanics
, Vol. 18
, pp. 259
–268
.21.
Webster, G. A., Webster, P. J., Bourke, M. A. M., Low, K. S., Mills, G., MacGillivray, H. J., Cannon, D. F., and Allen, R. J., 1992, “Neutron Diffraction Determinations of Residual Stress Patterns in Railway Rails,” Residual Stress in Rail, O. Orringer, J. Orkisz, and Z. Swiderski, eds., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Vol. 1, pp. 143–152.
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