The Dynamics of the Horseshoe Vortex and Associated Endwall Heat Transfer—Part I: Temporal Behavior

Instantaneous flow topology and the associated endwall heat transfer in the leading-edge endwall region of a symmetric airfoil are presented. An experimental technique was employed that allowed the simultaneous recording of instantaneous particle image velocimetry flow field and thermochromic liquid-crystal-based endwall heat transfer data. The endwall flow is dominated by a horseshoe vortex that forms from reorganized impinging boundary layer vorticity. A relatively small vortex is shown to be a steady feature of the corner region, while a secondary vortex develops sporadically immediately upstream of the horseshoe vortex. The region upstream of the horseshoe vortex is characterized by a bimodal switching of the near-wall reverse flow, which results in quasiperiodic eruptions of the secondary vortex. The bimodal switching of the reverse flow in the vicinity of the secondary vortex is linked to the temporal behavior of the down-wash fluid on the leading edge of the foil. Frequency analysis of the flow field and endwall heat transfer data, taken together, indicate that the eruptive behavior associated with the horseshoe vortex occurs at a frequency that is essentially the same as the measured turbulence bursting period of the impinging turbulent endwall boundary layer.