Interaction of Tip Clearance Flow and Three-Dimensional Separations in Axial Compressors

This paper considers the interaction of tip clearance flow with three-dimensional (3D) separations in the corner region of a compressor cascade. Three-dimensional numerical computations were carried out using ten levels of tip clearance, ranging from zero to 2.18% of blade chord. The 3D separations on the blade suction surface were largely removed by the clearance flow for clearance about 0.58% of chord. For this cascade, experimental results at zero and 1.7% chord tip clearance were used to assess the validity of the numerical predictions. The removal mechanism was associated with the suppression of the leading edge horseshoe vortex and the interaction of tip clearance flow with the endwall boundary layer, which develops into a secondary flow as it is driven towards the blade suction surface. Such interaction leads to the formation of a new 3D separation line on the endwall. The separation line forms the base of a separated stream surface which rolls up into the clearance vortex.